Aircraft approach categories are primarily based on what factor?

Aircraft approach categories are primarily categorized based on their stall speed in the landing configuration, specifically calculated as 1.3 times this speed. This factor is critical because it directly influences the handling characteristics of the aircraft during the approach and landing phase. By using stall speed as a baseline, categorization allows pilots and air traffic control to establish standardized separation and operational procedures, enhancing safety during landing approaches.

Higher stall speeds correspond to increased operating speeds, which affect the minimum distances required for safe approaches, the angle of descent, and overall aircraft performance during these critical phases of flight. The approach categories help determine the different minimums and separation requirements in controlled airspace to avoid potential conflicts or hazards during landing.