When can the pilot descend below 5,300 feet when cleared to the AJCIZ waypoint?

The correct answer is that a pilot can descend below 5,300 feet when they are 15 nautical miles from the AJCIZ waypoint because this distance typically aligns with established standard operating procedures for aircraft operations in regards to altitude and subsequent descent phases.

In many cases, approach charts and procedures designate specific distances from waypoints at which pilots can begin to safely decrease altitude. This ensures that the aircraft is at a safe height for maneuvering and preparing for descent while also providing ample time to manage airspeed and configuration changes necessary for landing.

For the scenario involving 15 nautical miles from the waypoint, this distance effectively allows the pilot to follow the appropriate descent profile while ensuring compliance with terrain clearance and airspace regulations. Therefore, it maximizes safety by ensuring that descent is initiated in a controlled manner.